What two factors are commonly assessed in urine for diabetics?

• A. Protein and glucose
• B. Glucose and ketones
• C. Ketones and bilirubin
• D. Glucose and creatinine

Answer: (B)

For individuals with diabetes, monitoring urine can provide critical insights into their metabolic state and help manage their condition. The primary factors commonly assessed in urine for diabetics are glucose and ketones.

When blood glucose levels are excessively high, the kidneys may not be able to reabsorb all the glucose, leading to its presence in the urine, a condition known as glucosuria. The detection of glucose in urine is significant because it often indicates poorly controlled diabetes or impending diabetic ketoacidosis, a serious condition that can arise from inadequate insulin.

Ketones, on the other hand, are produced when the body starts breaking down fats instead of glucose for energy. This process can occur in diabetes when there is insufficient insulin to allow glucose to enter the cells for use. The presence of ketones in urine (ketonuria) suggests that the body is in a state of fat metabolism, which can also be a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis if accompanied by other symptoms or findings.

Considering these points, the monitoring of urine for glucose and ketones is crucial for identifying and managing diabetic complications effectively.