What condition is characterized by excessive ketones in the blood?

• A. Ketoacidosis
• B. Ketosis
• C. Ketone Body Metabolism
• D. Hypoglycemia

Answer: (B)

The condition characterized by excessive ketones in the blood is ketoacidosis. Ketones are produced when the body breaks down fat for energy, a process that occurs typically when glucose is in short supply, such as in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or during prolonged fasting. In ketoacidosis, the accumulation of ketones leads to a significant acid-base imbalance, resulting in a decrease in blood pH, which can have serious effects on cellular function and overall health.

The term ketosis refers to a metabolic state where ketone bodies are produced in sufficient amounts but do not cause the same level of acidosis as observed in ketoacidosis. This state can occur during low-carbohydrate diets and is not necessarily harmful. Ketone body metabolism describes the process of producing and utilizing ketones but does not define a pathological condition. Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels, which is a different metabolic state and does not directly relate to the presence of ketones.